The range of a liquid-in-glass thermometer is limited by the length of the thermometer and can be increased by: increasing the diameter of the capillary – this means that the liquid will not expand as … Custom thermometer strips are available formulated in ranges from -300C to +1200C (-220F to 2480F). –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 °C glass bulb stem liquid liquid thread Which two features both affect the sensitivity of the thermometer? Thermometers and temperature 16. All rights reserved. Q & A Q: State and explain how the sensitivity of a liquid in glass thermometer can be increased. A LiG thermometer, by definition, is a glass capillary tube with a liquid-filled bulb at one end. The sensitivity of a thermometer refers to the minor temperature transform that can be detected or considered. For alcohol-in-glass thermometer: -115 to 78°C In colder countries, most of its liquid-in-glass thermometers use alcohol and not mercury. So number 4, longer bore, lets you increase the range of the thermometer. The sensitivity of a mercury thermometer can be increased by using a smaller mercury bulb, thinner wall and smaller bore. For the equal spacing of the graduations to be correct, state: 1. an assumption that is made about the liquid in the thermometer 2. an assumption that is made about the structure of the thermometer. The range of a thermometer, on the other hand, refers to the dissimilarity between the maximum and the minimum temperature. Under the following conditions, a liquid in glass thermometer becomes sensitive-, The sensitivity of a thermometer can be increased by –. A common range for liquid-in-glass thermometers is from –10 °C to 110 °C. It is inside the glass body of the thermometer and is connected to the bulb. These cookies do not store any personal information. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. © copyright 2020 QS Study. The liquid must have the following properties: Be able to be seen easily Types of Liquid-In-Glass Thermometers [] Introduction []. Sensitivity of a thermometer is the length of increase of the liquid per degree rise in temperature. As compared to electrical thermometers, they are very weak and delicate. The mercury thermometer is one example of liquid thermometers. Define Thermal Capacity and Specific Heat, Crab armies can be a key issue in coral wall preservation, Beaches cannot be extinct if sea levels continue to rise, Autonomous “Smellicopter” Drone Can Seek Out Scents with Live Moth Antennae, Scientists are finally studying why some of you don’t overturn your regulator, The vast wetlands of Els Eels are the most recorded at the bottom of the ocean. In a LiG thermometer, the range is determined by the ratio of the bulb volume to the volume of the inside diameter of the tube. Sensitivity vs Range Hi! 6 UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19 5 (a) State the values of the fixed points of a temperature scale. Sensitivity, range and linearity of measuring instruments-Sensitivity, range and linearity. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers. I guess what you have mentioned here is that the range is dependent on how much liquid you have and far you allow that liquid to expand within your thermometer. Post navigation ← 15. The principle used to measure temperature is that of the apparent thermal expansion of the liquid. A typical liquid-in-glass thermometer is shown in the figure below. The properties you really want to know about are range and resolution. Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers Let’s start our story with one of the most common thermometers used today, the liquid-in-glass (LiG) thermometer. GCSE Keywords: Bulb, Thread diameter, Liquid, Glass thickness. Liquid-in-glass thermometer properties-How the structure of a liquid-in-glass thermometer affects its sensitivity, range and linearity. A smaller bulb contains less mercury and hence absorbs heat in shorter time. The sensitivity of a liquid-in-glass thermometer depends on the volume of liquid used and the diameter of the bore of the thermometer. Change in bulb volume, 2. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. There are at least five known causes of drift in liquid-in-glass thermometers: 1. GCSE Keywords: Bulb, Thread diameter, Liquid, Glass thickness. For this reason, liquid thermometers have a reservoirto increase the amount of liquid in the thermometer. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. A glass bulb with thinner wall – Heat can be transferred to the bulb easily. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. What changes will produce the greatest increase in sensitivity? Hence, their use is limited to areas where only man… In the case of a mercury tube thermometer, the accuracy is increased by decreasing the inside diameter of the tube. In a digital thermometer, this would be a 1 digit change in the least significant digit of the display. Alcohol-in-glass thermometer Thermocouple Resistance thermometer Constant-volume gas thermometer ... liquid-in-glass thermometers . More sensitive means more noticeable expansion. Course overview. The sensitivity of a thermometer can be increased by Using a thermometer with a smaller bulb – A smaller bulb contains less mercury and hence absorbs heat in shorter time. Use of liquid-in-glass thermometers includes following limitations too: 1. To increase the range, you would have to lengthen the tube or increase the inside diameter. The sensitivity depends on the reversible thermal expansion of the liquid compared to the glass. The temperature range is −80 to +330 °C depending on the liquid. lowest temperature = .....[1] (c) A second liquid-in-glass thermometer has the same range but it has a greater sensitivity. State the lowest temperature that it can measure. The sensitivity of a thermometer is defined as the increase in the length of the mercury column per unit increase in temperature. Course overview. Structure and advantages of a thermocouple. Organic liquids which are usually employed for construction of liquid-in-glass thermometers include toluene, ethyl alcohol and pentane. Besides, they can not provide digital and automated results. A mass of liquid and diameter of liquid thread B mass of liquid and length of stem C thickness of glass bulb and diameter of liquid thread And it is the cause why a thin thermometer is additional perceptive than a thick thermometer. Check out more GCSE physics tutorials at http://gcsephysicsninja.com This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Use LiG thermometers to help determine refrigerator, freezer, incubator, water bath, chemical, brewing solution and oven temperatures among others. 17. To the left is a labelled diagram of a thermometer, you don't need to know all of the different parts of a thermometer, but I included it to help you understand. 4. What do you mean by Sensitivity of a Thermometer? This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. More sensitive means more noticeable expansion. (b) The highest temperature that this thermometer can measure is 110 °C. The greater the fluid expansion, the more sensitive the thermometer. Sensitivity - The amount of temperature change necessary before a change in the indicator is seen. A glass bulb with thinner wall – Heat can be transferred to the bulb straightforwardly. Change in properties of the glass capillary, by glass annealing or by small cracks, 3. The mercury-in-glass or mercury thermometer was invented by physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in Amsterdam (1714). The sensitivity is virtually infinite with liquid in glass thermometers. The more the thermal expansion of the liquid, the highly sensitive the thermometer is. Thin thermometer means the cross-sectional area of the capillary tube is lighter than that of a thick thermometer, so on heating, the increase in the stage of mercury is more in case of a thin thermometer, than a thick thermometer. The sensitivity and responsiveness can be increased by making the bulb at the bottom smaller and decrease the amount of glass surrounding it. (1) sensitivity by increasing bulb size (& hence the thermometric liquid) OR by reducing bore diameter (2) responsiveness (and its not "responsitivity") by reducing bulb size OR reducing thickness of the glass used to make the bulb Capillary with narrow bore – produces a greater change in the length of the mercury column. 20 The diagram shows a liquid-in-glass thermometer. It is calculated in meter/degree Celsius. There are two major types of Liquid-in-glass thermometers which are mentioned below: . Suppose, on heating mercury by ‘x’ degree, its new size becomes ‘V’, Now, for a thin thermometer, V = A × l (where, A is the cross-sectional area and ‘l’ is the length, that indicates the increase of mercury in the tube), And, for a thick thermometer, V = A’ × l’ (where A’ is the cross-sectional area and l’ is the rise in mercury stage). Post navigation ← 14. A:. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The measuring sensitivity of liquid-in-glass thermometers increases with the amount of liquid in the thermometer. They are considered inapt for applications involving extremely high or low temperatures. The more liquid there is, the more liquid will expand and rise in the glass tube. 3. 2. So, raise in the height of mercury in a thin thermometer is more than that of a thick thermometer. But really its number 6 that determines the range. 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